group definition chemistry periodic table

Table of thermal and physical properties of liquid mercury: Temperature (☌) Solid mercury is malleable and ductile and can be cut with a knife. Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm 3 when liquid to 14.184 g/cm 3 when solid. This effect is due to lanthanide contraction and relativistic contraction reducing the radius of the outermost electrons, and thus weakening the metallic bonding in mercury. It has a freezing point of −38.83 ☌ and a boiling point of 356.73 ☌, both the lowest of any stable metal, although preliminary experiments on copernicium and flerovium have indicated that they have even lower boiling points. Compared to other metals, it is a poor conductor of heat, but a fair conductor of electricity. Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white metal that is liquid at room temperature. Properties Physical properties An old pound coin (density ~7.6 g/cm 3) floats on mercury due to the combination of the buoyant force and surface tension.

Electricity passed through mercury vapor in a fluorescent lamp produces short-wave ultraviolet light, which then causes the phosphor in the tube to fluoresce, making visible light. It remains in use in scientific research applications and in amalgam for dental restoration in some locales. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches, mercury relays, fluorescent lamps and other devices, although concerns about the element's toxicity have led to the phasing out of such mercury-containing instruments. Exposure to mercury and mercury-containing organic compounds is toxic to the nervous system, immune system and kidneys of humans and other animals mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury) either directly or through mechanisms of biomagnification. The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar ( mercuric sulfide).

A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. It is also known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( / h aɪ ˈ d r ɑːr dʒ ər ə m/ hy- DRAR-jər-əm) from the Greek words hydor (water) and argyros (silver). They were previously called Inert gases due to their inert properties.Mercury is a chemical element it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80. They consist of Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). The noble gases are the 18th group in the periodic table. They consist of Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Cadmium (Cd), Tungsten (W), Platinum (Pt), Yttrium (Y), Molybdenum (Mo) and others. Transition Metals are the most number of elements in the periodic table. They consist of Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra) The most reactive metals consisting of Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr)Īlkaline Earth Metals Group 18: the noble gases ( helium/ neon family).Group 17: the halogens ( fluorine family).Group 16: the chalcogens ( oxygen family).Group 15: the pnictogens ( nitrogen family).Group 2: the alkaline earth metals ( beryllium family).Group 1: the alkali metals ( lithium family) *not including hydrogen.The other ten groups are transition metals: There are eight main groups of elements, numbered 1, 2, and 13-18. Elements in the same group usually have similar properties, because they have the same number of electrons in the outermost electron shell. ( January 2022)Ī group is any column on the periodic table. You can help Wikipedia by reading Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages, then simplifying the article. The English used in this article or section may not be easy for everybody to understand.

Group definition chemistry periodic table